Is it time for an IPO ?
The first question you should ask yourself if where you want to go -
and more importantly - why?
The simple truth is that going public may not be the right strategy
for every company.
The choice of destination will fully depend on the objective you are
trying to reach and your reasons for heading out on the journey in the
first place. Depending on your company's objectives and maturity, there
might be a number of why an IPO could be the right step for your
company. For example, IPOs can enable private companies to:
* Access new funding: companies seeking to grow organically or
through M&A may consider going public to access new sources of long-term
capital that can be reinvested into the business.
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* Deliver value to existing investors: by listing your
company's equity on the public market, existing stakeholders are able to
'monetize' their investment and create viable exist strategy.
* Build market awareness: many companies pursue an IPO in
order to build their reputation and visibility in local and foreign
markets, particularly in cases where the company's main focus of
operations lies outside of major markets and the developed economies.
*Incentivize employees: corporate stock option programs are a
strong vehicle for driving employee engagement and tying compensation to
the financial performance of the company.
* Broaden the governance structure: while there are a number
of ways to strengthen a company's governance, IPOs provide a strong
catalyst and proven framework for revitalizing the governance structure.
And while these are some of the most common reasons to set out on an IPO
journey, there may be a number of other side benefits that can be
attained through the process. For example, companies operating in
politically unstable jurisdictions - or ones with opaque regulatory
protection - may find that listing on a foreign exchange provides a
level of protection for their existing investors. In other cases, an IPO
may constitute a step towards securing lucrative contracts that are
reserved for pubic companies.
The wisdom of looking before you leap There are, however, a number of
important draw-backs to going public that may not always be obvious
before starting the journey. Companies considering the IPO process
should be aware that their organization may meet a number of significant
challenges along the way, such as:
* Time and resource requirements: being a public company takes
a lot of hard work, not only to ensure a successful IPO, but also to
maintain your listing and uphold your stock price. In particular, most
executives find they are challenged to devote the necessary time to
successfully manage both the IPO process and simultaneously serve their
core business.
* Transparency and reporting: public companies are obliged to
report their financial statements and future strategy to investors and
analysts, which is not only time consuming, but may provide competitors
with valuable insight into proprietary business plans and strategies.
* Regulation and compliance: publicly traded companies face an
exponential increase in the level of regulatory scrutiny and compliance
that must be met, and - if found non-complaint - they may face stiff
penalties or suffer from depressed share prices as a result.
* Cost: private companies will invariably need to invest in
their company in order to create the right environment within which to
go public. In many cases, significant investments may be required to
create and formalize processes to ensure compliance with IFRS and other
financial reporting requirements.
With the proper planning and guidance, each of these issues can be
mitigated. But for many executives - particularly entrepreneurs - the
requirements, rigor and obligations of performing as a public company
are often underestimated. The reality is that public companies are very
different from private ones, and some executives may quickly find that
the effort and risk may not always outweigh the benefits. If not an IPO,
then what?
It is entirely possible that an IPO may not be the right path for
your company in the near future. There may be a number of viable
alternatives that can be explored to achieve similar objectives. These
include:
* Accessing bond markets: bond markets provide an avenue for
private companies to sell their debt on public markets, but without many
of the rigors of regulation that come with an IPO.
* Bank borrowing: companies may also gain new financing
through traditional loan and debt vehicles raised through commercial
banks. But given the tight credit market that followed the recent
economic recession, bank financing may not always be available and can
be comparatively expensive for many companies.
* Mergers and acquisitions: an alternative method for
monetizing existing investors is to either sell the company or merge
with a competitor, effectively 'buying out' the existing shareholders.
However, this often results in a loss of control.
* Joint ventures: expansion into new markets can also be
accomplished through joint ventures with other companies that can
provide access to funding, technology or key markets. Often, joint
ventures are founded between equals who then work together to pool their
resources and achieve a shared goal.
* Private Equity: securing an investment from a Private Equity
firm is a common method for raising funds while simultaneously
maintaining the confidentiality of the business.
However, this route does not always provide a clear exit strategy for
existing investors and may reduce the overall visibility of the company
in the market. The highly leveraged structure typical in a PE deal also
bring increased risks. Clearly, the first step for any executive
considering an IPO is to define their destination, motivation and
approach which, in turn, will form the basis of their corporate strategy
going forward.
And if an IPO turns out to be the best solution, executives who have
completed this important first step will be better placed to move ahead
with a clear understanding of their opportunities, goals and challenges.
Many companies find that the detailed planning necessary from an IPO
also brings benefits if plans change and an M&A deal is contemplated.
(KPMG International)
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