Baghdad museum treasures still locked from view

In Iraq's national museum a frieze shows Assyrian King Sargon II, who ruled an empire from what is now northern Iraq, storming a rampart as soldiers pile decapitated heads before him.

The magnificent stone reliefs - from the palace of a ruler who plundered cities - themselves fell prey to looters and vandals some 2,700 years later, when the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq left the museum open to unchecked theft.

Violence has fallen to around four-year lows across the country in recent months and artefacts are trickling back - about 6,000 have been returned of the 15,000 or so that went missing in a few days in 2003.

But Iraqi authorities are taking no chances, and will not re-open the museum until security is assured.

"We cannot risk displaying the treasures we have unless we have guarantees that security is 100 percent stable in Baghdad and the area surrounding the museum," Amira Eidan, director of Iraq's antiquities and museums, told Reuters.

What is now Iraq was home to empires that rose and fell over thousands of years in Mesopotamia, a cradle of civilisation between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

One of the world's greatest collections of Mesopotamian treasures has remained largely locked away since the invasion, when television footage showed ragged Iraqis carting off whatever they could find. "It was considered one of the most horrible cultural crimes in recent history," Eidan said. The Americans guarded the oil ministry but not the museum. The then-U.S. Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld's response to it was: "Stuff happens."

Even before the 2003 looting, historical sites across Iraq were frequently plundered. Crippling U.N. sanctions and impoverishment meant the rewards for smugglers outweighed the danger of being caught by Saddam Hussein's security forces. As if to compensate for past security lapses, the museum is now not easy to get into. Visiting for a private viewing last month after weeks of arduous official applications, Reuters reporters passed through two security checks.

Outside, antique cannons covered in patterns and Arabic script were jumbled on an overgrown, rubbish-strewn lawn.

The front entrance, modelled on an ancient Babylonian gate, was closed. For months after the invasion, its facade famously sported a large hole from a tank shell beneath an Assyrian relief of men in a chariot.

Inside, only a fraction of the contents were on display, many of them under dusty plastic sheets. Posters on the walls gave a glimpse of treasures locked away in vaults. One showed a king's finely decorated golden helmet, crafted about 4,400 years ago. On another, a tiara of gold flowers.

Also under lock and key is the fabulous gold jewellery of the Nimrud treasures, excavated in northern Iraq. Along with Tutankhamun's tomb, they are considered one of the most important archaelogical finds of the 20th century.

Eidan said most countries had been very cooperative in returning stolen items. She listed all of Iraq's neighbours, with the exception of Iran and Turkey.

"Unfortunately, some neighbouring countries till now have not informed us of cases of smuggling or arrested smugglers despite the wide border spaces that link us," she said.

Among artefacts retrieved was the Sumerian "Mona Lisa", or Lady of Warka, a 5,000 year-old stone head of a woman. It was found buried in a Baghdad backyard.

REUTERS