Harmonizing development and communication efforts
Colvin Jayaweera, Retired Deputy Director General,
(Regional Services and Community Radio), Sri Lanka Broadcasting
Corporation
Rural radio as the name implies is essentially community based. It
has to reflect the genuine propensities, ideas and lifestyles of
ordinary people their access to the range of facilities available to
urban dwellers are minimal. It should provide an opportunity for these
marginalized sections to express their opinions and have their
grievances redressed. Rural radio is an avenue for uplift and an
opportunity to gainfully participate in strengthening their links in all
spheres from economic development to cultural enhancement. It is a
vehicle to achieve social progress and contribute for shared gains.
It is accepted that integrated rural development would provide a
meaningful system for harmonizing development and communication efforts
aimed at giving villagers a better deal. The patterns of media behaviour
among Sri Lankans and the kind of information available to them. Media
includes radio, television newspapers, internet, magazines and cinema
etc. In the broader context the increasing sophistication in technology
has given mass media unforeseen capabilities of reaching out to a broad
spectrum with greater effectiveness.
Development projects
Mass media technology is such that every urban and rural home has
inevitable access to at least one of the major media organizations. It
is necessary to explore the potential of directing mass media for
sustained education of the community. It must be determined to what
extent radio plays a development supportive role. The ultimate objective
is the development and consistent news flows to the people. The
positives are that radio can provide information at greater speed to a
wide audience than other media.
It is imperative to reflect on the diverse opinions of broadcasting
and the stipulated roles and identify the priority problems in rural
communication. Major rural issues in connection with the rural
development projects to be discussed over radio with the relevant
parties after an extensive study. Radio could be used to motivate people
in the villages to take on the responsibility for bringing about radical
changes, lifestyles and socio-economic standards in their communities.
This could be successfully implemented through community based radio
programming and production.
The Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) provides more air time
and adopts new broadcasting strategies to convey development
information. Development oriented rural radio enables the community, to
gain extensive new knowledge about development programmes and increase
their participation in community activities. The perceptive advantages
are that radio has contributed to learning especially through non formal
educational programmes especially among those with little or no
schooling. These could be enumerated as:-
* Radio can improve/develop the skills and talents of the people for
development.
* Radio should create, promote and sustain self reliance and
participatory development.
* Self reliance has become a key concept referring to national
sovereignty and autonomy of developing countries.
Radio is a part of development. The following could be adduced in
support of this connection. These can be enumerated as:- Establishing
conducive climate for development - motivating to change their attitudes
through common activity - providing forum for discussion, leadership and
decision making.
People’s attitudes and practices
Radio has been used preliminarily as an information medium. All
development projects strive to disseminate as much information as
possible to the people. Public broadcasting services have specific role
in this process.
There is a greater need for radio to mobilize people towards
development. The potential of radio in the sphere of national
development. Radio can contribute to changing people’s attitudes and
practices regarding development activities.
Radio could be involved in providing solutions to development
problems for coordination and or commitment from government institutions
and officials. Radio will be able to change the behavioural patterns of
community and motivate them for rural development. National radio (SLBC)
has a long tradition of rural broadcasting starting with non formal
education programmes for farmers initiated as far back as 1933 and a
special rural service with farmers’ forum. The rural service of national
radio has provided emphasis with the prime object of promoting paddy
cultivation and subsidiary crops.
Radio programmes
The national radio network has contributed immensely towards making
an impact on the rural community. National radio was decentralized to
provide a more effective service and establish a closer link with the
masses. Accordingly regional broadcasting services were set up. SLBC has
spread the services to grass roots level. It is immensely suited to
reflect and depict rural activities. It is the most potent media at
rural level.
The Mahaweli Community Radio was set up in 1981. It was established
to motivate Mahaweli settlers to take an active part in agricultural
productivity and socio-economic development through community based
radio programmes and production. Mahaweli Community Radio has animated
settlers and involved them by participation in activities that encourage
self actualization and a sense of community and involvement in
development.
At the inception of the Mahaweli Community Radio in 1981, Knud Ebbsen
first consultant to Mahaweli Community Radio set out the vision of the M
C R Radio Project. ‘Mahaweli Community Radio’ encourage villages to take
an active part in the development process or even better to take their
own initiative to improve living conditions in their community
development implies change and the first change to take place in the
attitude of the people who will be directly affected by the development.
They have to be helped to understand that they can be something to help
themselves, instead of just waiting for others to take action. If they
do not realize this they and their community will simply remain in the
infinitely long queue of backward rural areas. The project was based on
the belief that radio would be powerful instrument to motivate
villagers.
Agriculture constitutes the major occupation of the peasantry. It is
incumbent to assist them through programmes to help increase cultivation
practices which are proven and time tested to increase productivity. The
radio programmes help farmers with information and relevant instructions
on agricultural development. The radio motivated them towards improving
agricultural productivity and helped in socio-economic development.
Educational needs and communication patterns of rural and urban
audiences to explore the potential of radio as a vehicle of educational
messages and to convey to the participants new ideas and experiences.
The radio network has contributed immensely towards making an impact on
the rural community.
It is important that the educational benefits which radio brings
should be accessible to the rural community to help create a vibrant and
receptive public opinion on matters vitally important to the country.
Moreover good governance requires that its agricultural, health,
educational and other forms of national propaganda should reach the
rural population which doubtless would stand to benefit to a greater
degree compared to their urban counterparts. The radio uses strategies
as folk media in development communication. Highlighting some of the
more specific problems confronting them and emphasize the importance of
participation of officials and villagers in all deliberations impacting
on their well-being.
Environmental issues
Radio programmes embrace a wide spectrum problems existing in
villages and evolving suitable solutions and discuss alternatives
leading to a dialogue. Radio provides opportunities to an exchange of
views and help share experience among the rural community. Radio
effectively generates awareness and extends knowledge on environmental
issues among the rural community. In the developing countries radio
drama is still a popular and effective means of transmitting development
related messages. It corresponds to the communication patterns of people
and combines in an ideal manner elements of information education and
environment. Technology in the electronic media has introduced new
devices and methodologies. Digital and computer based radio and the
increasing global transfer of information are forcing broadcasting
institutions to develop new strategies and structures. All areas are
effected from programming. Production and on-air operation to various
levels of administration and management.
The strata of recipients has expanded, children, youth, women are
important target audiences. Youth and women from an essential part of
the social fabric. It must cater to expectations of children, youth and
women to uplift their creativity, skills and motivate and provide them
with new concepts and inspiration in production of target oriented
programmes. Educational needs and communication patterns of rural and
urban audience to explore the potential of radio as a vehicle of
educational messages and to convey to the participants new ideas and
experiences.
Rural communication today deals with methods to give expression to
people’s views and to enable them to articulate without reservation. Its
success is dependent on their participation. Radio from what transpires
is a potent instrument of change and an impetus towards energising
society and adding new values to combine efforts to success. Rural
communication is central to the government’s efforts to mobilize
people’s efforts towards declared development goals.
President Mahinda Rajapaksa has evinced a keen and abiding interest
in rural radio during visits to the Ruhunu Sewaya (regional radio
station) in 1985 during the tenure of the writer as Director Ruhunu
Sewaya. (Development commences at grass roots level and the paradigm
shift from urban to rural is an indication of the importance attached to
ordinary people in galvanising energy for development which will
ultimately uplift living standards). |