Causes of deforestation in the world
Forests are threatened by both biotic and a-biotic factors such as
climatic hazards, diseases prompted by insects or pathogens, threats of
a purely anthropogenic nature, fires, atmospheric pollution,
deforestation, and the increase in social pressures.
But this classic division is a bit artificial, since man is partly
responsible for all these threats.Source: Coyte, (1990), cited by
Gauthier (J.) in AFOCEL. - The emergence of new forestry potentials in
the world - Colloque AFOCEL, tenth world forestry congress. - Grenoble,
1991.
The countries where the phenomena of deforestation is most evident
are those undergoing rapid population growth. This population
development implies two types of harmful needs to the durability of
forests in the absence of specific developments.
A growing need for wood, especially firewood for developing
countries, then wood for construction
Results of deforestation |
A growing need for agricultural land, in able to assure the
subsistence of populations.
The immediate satisfaction of these needs leads to the clearing and
pillage of those resources that are closest to settlements. The
fragility of these ecosystems does not permit them to withstand such
pressure, and failure of the forest to re-establish itself can lead
populations to carryout the same type of agression to forest areas that
are further away, therefore participating in the extension of destroyed
areas. Their reuse for agricultural purposes is oftten impossible
(contrary to the old evolution of temperate zones) due to the extreme
fragility of their soils.
The search for a harmonious coexistence
The indispensable association of populations
The restoration of a balance will only be possible if those
responsible for development of these regions privilege small projects,
using known techniques local populations and develop with them. In
absence of the dangers of the dispersion of forests cover, and in the
absence of a solution for the needs of agricultural development, no
large-scale project can succeed, whatever the financial means put into
place.
To maintain the soils of certain regions, forestry projects must be
seen as factor of improvement in the long term necessary ecological
conditions to agriculture and life in general, and not as a competitor
for the use of the soil.
In the dense tropical forest zones, shifting agriculture actually
results in the clearing of forests by burning. But the need is such that
the time for the forest to redevelop is too short. The drop in the
impact of this burning can only take place by the growth (which seems
paradoxical) of reserves where the clearing of ground is accepted,
permitting the sufficient reconstruction of ecosystems.
In zones such as the Sahel, the need for fuel wood is one of the most
pressing concerns.
The preservation of forests will only take place when combustion
techniques are improved, the mass planting of fast growing tree species
takes place and a more vigorous management of resources permiting the
reconstitution of reserves is put into place.
Each different population has its own habits, specific needs, and
determined environmental conditions which must be taken into account.
Satisfying the needs of local populations is an indispensable
perequisite to the putting in place of projects which take into account
the needs of the populations, sometimes very far away from these zones.
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