Obama’s “State of the Drone” THREATS TO HUMANITY
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Democratic People’s Republic of Korea or North Korea remained unshaken
by the many warnings and threats issued by the United States and the
United Nations about its nuclear tests, as it was about its recent
rocket testing and launching a communications satellite space. It went
further by grabbing the headlines on February 12, when President Obama
made his State of the Union Address to Congress, by announcing its
latest successful nuclear test, which is believed to be a smaller bomb,
and shows the success of its nuclear programme.
Not unexpectedly, the UN Security Council passed a resolution
condemning the nuclear test, and called for further sanctions against
North Korea by the international community. However, although the United
States, the UK and France were very loud in their criticisms of this
latest move by North Korea, political analysts note that both Russia and
China were not very enthusiastic about calls for even more sanctions
against a country, which remains burdened with heavy sanctions for many
years. Although coincidental, it was interesting that the UN Security
Council resolution was adopted at meeting chaired by the Foreign
Minister of South Korea, as it is the current president of the SC, and
was addressed by Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, a former South Korean
ambassador to the UN, with a call for tougher action.
Barack Obama
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Navinethem Pillay
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Ban Ki-moon
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UN probe
It is also interesting that this call for more sanctions against
North Korea has come at a time when the UN has itself initiated an
important probe into, the increasing drone attacks by the United States
on the territories of many countries, with which it is not at war. The
reports of the increasing number of civilians killed in these attacks
and the clear violation of national sovereignty of the affected
countries is becoming a major issue, in which there seems to be little
interest for action by those moving the United Nations Human Rights
Council (UNHRC) that is due to meet in Geneva, very shortly. There is
silence on this by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navanethem
Pillay, too, who is very loud on alleged war crimes in other countries
that are outside the section of the international community led by the
western powers.
The UN investigation into targeted killings will examine drone
strikes in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia. As reported in the
Guardian, UK (January 24), the review by the UN Special Rapporteur Ben
Emmerson QC, is expected include checks on military use of unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAVs) in UK operations in Afghanistan, US strikes in
Pakistan, as well as the Sahel region of Africa where the conflict in
Mali has erupted. It will also take evidence on Israeli drone attacks in
the Palestinian territories.
About 20 or 30 strikes – selected as representative of different
types of attacks – will be studied to assess the extent of any civilian
casualties, the identity of militants targeted and the legality of
strikes in countries where the UN has not formally recognized there is a
conflict.
The inquiry will report to the UN general assembly in New York this
autumn. Depending on its findings, it may recommend further action.
Emmerson has previously suggested some drone attacks – particularly
those known as "double tap" strikes where rescuers going to the aid of a
first blast have become victims of a follow-up strike – could possibly
constitute a "war crime".
The inquiry will be co-ordinated through Emmerson's UN office in
Geneva. Among the team of experts working with him will be the former
director of public prosecutions, Lord Macdonald QC, a former prosecutor
at the international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, Sir
Geoffrey Nice QC, and Dr Nat Cary, one of the UK's most experienced
pathologists who specialize in the interpretation of injuries caused by
explosions.
The inquiry is the result of a request by several nations, including
Pakistan and two permanent members of the UN Security Council, the
Guardian reported.
The real threat – Drone or Nuclear?
Although the West, led by the United States, continues to make much
of the nuclear threat to the world, aimed mainly at Iran and North Korea
- the first having declared it has no intent of developing a nuclear
bomb, and the latter having its own nuclear weapons programme - there
are many doubts as to the seriousness of this threat, in the real
context of the availability of nuclear weapons in the world today.
US drones in Afghanistan |
There is total silence on the nuclear capability of Israel, with a
large nuclear arsenal. Both India and Pakistan are nuclear armed states
that have had three wars, and there is much concern about the stability
of Pakistan in the context of terrorism in the region. The US, UK, and
France, Russia and China also have nuclear weapons. The question that
arises is - what is this great threat to the world in more states adding
these weapons to their armouries. The only answer is that they are
“rogue” states, as seen so by the West.
Guardian columnist Simon Jenkins has interesting observations to make
of the actual danger to the world today. In his column in the Guardian
Weekly (January 18) Jenkins states: “The greatest threat to world peace
is not from nuclear weapons and their possible proliferation. It is from
drones and their certain proliferation. Nuclear bombs are useless
weapons, playthings for the powerful. Drones are now sweeping the global
arms market. There are some 10,000 said to be in service, of which a
thousand are armed and mostly American. Reports say they have killed
more non-combatant civilians than died in 9/11.
Explaining this further Jenkins states: “I have not read one
independent study of the current drone wars in Afghanistan, Pakistan and
the horn of Africa that suggests these weapons serve any strategic
purpose. Their “success” is expressed solely in body count, the number
of so-called Al-qaeda-linked commanders killed. If body count were
victory, the Germans would have won Stalingrad and the Americans
Vietnam.
“Neither the legality nor the ethics of drone attacks bear
examination. Last year’s exhaustive report by lawyers from Stanford and
New York universities concluded that they were in many cases illegal,
killed civilians and were militarily counter-productive. Among the
deaths were an estimated 176 children. Such slaughter would have an
infantry unit court-martialled. Air forces enjoy such prestige that
civilian deaths are excused as a price worth paying for not jeopardizing
pilots’ lives.
“Quite apart from ethics and law, I find it impossible to see what
contribution these weapons make for winning wars.
“The killing of officers merely sees others replace them, eager for
revenge. The original Predator was intended for surveillance but was
adapted for bombing to kill Osama bin Laden. When he was found, the
drone was considered too inaccurate a device to risk, and old fashioned
boots-with-guns had to be sent instead.
“As for the inevitable killing of civilians, however few or many,
this is not just “collateral damage” but critical to victory or defeat.
It does not occupy or hold territory and it devastates hearts and minds.
Aerial bombardment has long been a questionable weapon of war. It
induces not defeat but retaliation.”
He explains that: “Since the drone war began in earnest in 2008,
there has been no decline in Taliban or al-Qaida performance
attributable to it. Any let-up in recruitment is merely awaiting NATO’s
departure. The Afghan president, Hamid Karzai, has called the attacks
“in no way justifiable”. The Pakistan government, at whose territory
they are increasingly directed, has withdrawn all permission.”
Jenkins quotes the young Yemeni writer Ibrahim Mothana who stated in
his protest in the New York Times of the carnage drones are wreaking on
the politics of his country; they erase “years of progress and
trust-building with tribes”. Yemenis now face Al-qaeda recruiters waving
pictures of drone-butchered women and children in their faces. Notional
membership of Al-qaeda in Yemen is reported to have grown by three times
since 2009. Jimmy Carter declares that “America’s violation of
international human rights abets our enemies and alienates our friends”.
“The drone wars seem pointless yet unstoppable. Their appeal to
western leaders lies partly in their sheer novelty, partly in the hope
they may make defeat less awful. They are like the USS New Jersey’s
shelling of Lebanon’s Chouf Mountains in 1984, a blood-thirsty display
to cover withdrawal. The drone is not an aid to victory, but it eases
the defeat its use has made more likely.
“The Taliban in Waziristan are no threat to London or to Washington.
Al-qaeda can do no more to undermine the state than set off the
occasional bomb, best prevented by domestic intelligence. Today’s “wars
of choice” reflect a more sinister aspect of democracy. Elected leaders
seem to crave them, defying all warnings of the difficulty of ending
them. Mesmerised by Margaret Thatcher’s gain from the Falklands, they
all want a good war.
suicide bombers
“In this the drone is fool’s gold. Driven by high-pressure arms
salesmanship, Obama (and David Cameron) is briefed that they are the
no-hands war of the future, safe, easy, clean, “precision targeted”. No
one on our side need get hurt.
“The tenuous legality of this form of combat requires the aggressor
to have “declared war” on another state. But Al-qaeda is no state. As a
result these attacks on foreign soil are not just wars of choice, they
are wars of self-invention.
How soon will it be before the US finds itself “at war” with Iran and
Syria, and sends over the drones? When it does, and the killing starts,
it can hardly complain when the victims retaliate with suicide bombers.
“Nor will it just be suicide bombers. Drones are cheap and will
easily proliferate. Eleven states deploy them already. The US is selling
them to Japan to help against China. China is building 11 bases for its
Anjian drones along its coast. The Pentagon is now training more drone
operators than pilots. What happens when every nation with an air force
does likewise, and every combustible border is buzzing with them?
“I did not fear nuclear proliferation because I believe such bombs
are mere prestige acquisitions, so horrible not even lunatics would use
them. Drones are different. When they were called guided missiles, they
were in some degree governed by international law and protocol, as was
the practice of global assassination.
“Obama rejects all that. He and the US are teaching the world that a
pilotless aircraft is a self-justifying, self exonerating, legal and
effective weapon of war.
“However counter-productive a drone may be strategically, it cuts a
glamorous dash on the home front. It is hard to imagine a greater danger
to world peace.” Simon Jenkins concludes.
Time magazine in its latest issue of February 11, 13, has the “Rise
of the Drones” as its cover story. It is an exhaustive piece on the rise
and spread of the drones in warfare today, being the favourite of
President Barack Obama.
It also raises many serious worries about the spread of the drones in
the coming years, and the growing trend promoted by the US, of countries
dispatching drones to foreign countries to protect the sender’s
citizens. It raises the important questions of what would happen if
another country sent drones to the US to protect that country’s
citizens. These do not remain interesting questions. They are the
emerging dangers of today, full of the possibility of “war crimes” in
conflicts that are not declared and carried out by stealth, through the
rapid progress of technology.
Probes that have been launched by the UN on the US use of drones and
many more such studies are needed, including the impact of these on
human rights and their use vis-à-vis humanitarian law due to the large
number of civilians killed. There are issues of reciprocity in the
attacks and that of attacks on clear civilian concentrations. This calls
for a new focus of international attention on Human Right and War Crimes
taking the actual threat to humanity into consideration. Ban Ki-moon,
Navinethem Pillay and others need to pay much more attention to this
today, than remain hooked on to alleged accountabilities in past
conflicts. |