Better information dissemination strategies required
Prof. Rajiva Wijesinha, MP
Having heard the various presentations at the seminar about Defeating
Terrorism, I think that second only to admiration for the systematic
work of our forces was regret about the deficiencies Rohan Guneratne
noted, with regard to presentation of the story. I hope government will
swiftly take up his suggestion that we develop better information
dissemination strategies, not only in the Foreign Service and the
Information Ministry but also within the services themselves.
Government has launched several welfare programmes for IDP
children. File photo |
Several years back, when I was Academic Coordinator of the degree
programme at the Sri Lanka Military Academy, I drew attention to the
failure of our officers to set down their experiences in writing, and
indeed to analyse defeats as well as victories. I recall being told then
that it might be difficult to have instituted projects on say the loss
of Mullaitivu and Kilinochchi and Pooneryn in the nineties, and Elephant
Pass in 2000, since some of the officers responsible for those setbacks
were still in the Army.
That seemed to me an unsatisfactory answer, given for instance how
thoroughly the Indian Army had tackled the story of the IPKF, which was
also a setback, even though from the Sri Lankan point of view it had
provided a great service to us, which we should have permitted to be
concluded. I believe the Indian Army learnt from its mistakes then, and
certainly study of those several books taught us much about the
techniques the Tigers used, not only in terms of guerrilla warfare but
also the use of civilians as human shields and propaganda tools.
In the present instance we have no reason at all for diffidence,
since the campaign was so successful. But in addition to general
accounts, for which the presentations at the seminar should provide an
excellent foundation, we should also examine specific incidents and
programmes that provide greater illumination of what we achieved. In the
process we should also look at occasions on which we could not achieve
all our aims, and in particular incidents in which the Tigers used
unusual techniques that caught us unawares. The fact that in the end we
defeated them so thoroughly should make it easier for us to also record
where they were able to surprise and sometimes thwart us.
I propose therefore to suggest here specific examples that could be
described to shed light on the whole process. I will also discuss
episodes relevant to the work government did with the internally
displaced, since that too was relevant to the manner in which the LTTE
fought the propaganda war. This will also suggest the need to ensure
active information agencies in all relevant government ministries,
albeit they should be able to draw on a pool at the Information
Ministry.
Simultaneous attacks on Muhumalai and Muttur
I would begin with a description of the attacks launched almost
simultaneously in August 2006 on Muhumalai and on Muttur. Though there
has been much stress on the Mavil Aru campaign, and that certainly was a
turning point, I believe there is insufficient awareness generally of
how the Tigers came so close to threatening both Jaffna and Trincomalee.
There is reason to think that those two relatively forceful assaults
were the culmination of what they had been preparing since 2002, when
they took advantage of the Ceasefire Agreement to replenish their
arsenal and recruit relentlessly.
Sencholai
Second, I would encourage a detailed description of what happened at
Sencholai, together with personal accounts of the girls we saved. This
should be the highlight of a description of the work of the Airforce in
destroying so many LTTE military installations with hardly any harm to
civilians.
As I have noted elsewhere, there were nearly 500 air strikes in the
period ending in December 2008, and in only 29 of them did even TamilNet
allege that there were civilian casualties. In 22 of these I think the
allegations were of just one or two casualties, and the rest too were
mostly in single figures, which makes it crystal clear that, far from
any targeting of civilians, there was extraordinary care to cause no
harm to civilians. Sencholai was presented as an exception, but the
manner in which the stories on TamilNet changed, and the irrefutable
evidence provided by the girls who survived, should be better known.
Third, I would suggest an essay on what happened at Kathiravelli. It
has been noted elsewhere that there were no allegations at all, save at
Kathiravelli, of civilian casualties during the entire campaign to
regain the Eastern Province. At Kathiravelli the Army did accept
responsibility, but explained that its fire had been on the basis of
mortar locating radar. There is ample evidence that the LTTE was present
with weapons in the refugee centre that was hit, and also that bunkers
had been dug there. A thorough study of what occurred will make clear
the strategy the LTTE used, and suggest how their success in deceiving
relevant sections of the international community emboldened them in the
practice of taking and ruthlessly using human shields.
Refugee camps
Fourth, I would prepare an account of the various provisions in place
for the internally displaced, including an account of the camps in which
those who had been displaced for one or two decades resided. This may
make clear the selectivity of those who encouraged the LTTE to hold
people back, by claiming that the facilities government had prepared
were appalling. In this context we should note the WikiLeaks revelation
that Ambassador Bob Blake, in March 2009, noted that ‘The LTTE maintains
the fiction that civilians do not want to leave. All evidence points to
the contrary: several civilians have been shot trying to escape, many
others have escaped. We need to call the LTTE’s bluff.’
Blake went on to say publicly the LTTE continues to insist that it is
not safe for the civilians to be evacuated to ‘concentration camps’ in
Vavuniya. UN U/SYG Holmes in his recent report to the UN Security
Council following his visit to Sri Lanka rebutted the LTTE’s claim and
stated that basic needs are being met, although clearly more needs to be
done on several fronts (for example, reduce overcrowding and improve
sanitation).
The need to do more was being stressed throughout by government, and
my own writings make clear the mess that some agencies created with
regard to sanitation by not following national standards. But we also
should point out the shoddy conditions in which those who had been
displaced previously, in particular the Muslims the LTTE had driven out
of the Northern Province, had lived for years, with no international
concern, until the current government, with the assistance of the World
Bank, took measures to improve their lot. The numbers that were housed
and fed throughout, with education for their children in line with
provisions for children elsewhere, should also be clarified.
Western part of the Wanni
Fifth, we should devote some attention to the manner in which the
entire West of the Wanni, including Kilinochchi and the A9 road, were
retaken, with even TamilNet able to allege only 78 civilian casualties
in all the operations conducted by the army. While the description of
the tactics employed by the various divisions and task forces was
fascinating, we should also show how we continued to keep services
running, though the LTTE in the end forced the civilians to leave with
them.
We should also describe the enormous difficulties we had at the end,
in breaking through the massive wall the LTTE had built, using earth
moving equipment that one of the agencies supposed to be engaged in
humanitarian work had allowed them to take from its compound, without
advising the government about what was going on. A detailed account of
the individuals concerned, and the subterfuges that were employed, would
help to make clear the difficulties the armed forces had to contend
against.
I am sure there are other incidents that would also repay study. But
a series of short studies of the above will I think help immeasurably to
make clear what we achieved against terrific odds. |