Tackling gender inequality in Asian Labour Markets:
Discard discrimination against women - ILO, ADB
Asian countries have a window of opportunity to tackle gender
inequality in their labour markets and support sustainable crisis
recovery, according to a new report prepared jointly by the
International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
The report, Women and Labour Markets in Asia: Rebalancing for Gender
Equality, says that although Asia is helping to lead the global economy,
recovery of the labour market from the recent global economic and
financial crisis has not kept pace. In some developing countries,
particularly in East Asia, job growth is back, but the quality of jobs
being created is a major concern. In particular, 45 percent of the vast
productive potential of Asian women remains untapped, compared to just
19 percent for Asian men.
Even before the crisis, Asia was estimated to be losing US$42-$47
billion a year because of limits on women's access to employment
opportunities and another US$16-$30 billion a year as a result of gender
gaps in education, according to estimates by the United Nations Economic
and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Although the region's
economic growth of 6.2 percent in 2000-2007 greatly exceeded the global
average of 4.2 percent, average growth in women's employment was just
1.7 percent - below the world average of 2 percent.
These deficits are likely to have increased during the crisis, the
report says, because women disproportionately shouldered the impact due
to pre-existing gender inequalities. They include discrimination
throughout the region's labour markets, inequality rooted in
social-cultural norms and national policy and institutional frameworks
that shape the employment opportunities of Asia's 734 million female
workers.
The report says that 'there is now a window of opportunity to address
systematic gender inequalities as well as the symptoms thrown up by the
crisis, and achieve full labour market recovery and successful
rebalancing'. It adds that 'the policy goal should not be to return to
the 'normal'pre-crisis situation'but to rebalance towards a new
development trajectory that is job-rich, just, sustainable and
inclusive'.
"Asia faces both old and new challenges and it needs to address both
if it is to reap the social and economic benefits of gender
equality,"said ILO Regional Director for Asia and the Pacific Sachiko
Yamamoto.
"The drive to rebalance towards more sustainable, fairer development
must not distract policy-makers from dealing with ingrained gender
inequalities. One cannot succeed without the other and the social and
economic costs of missing this opportunity will be felt for decades. The
ILO stands ready to help with this, an important step towards the goal
of decent work for all."
The report points out that poor quality jobs are a greater labour
market challenge for women than unemployment. A large proportion of
women in Asia toils in low-productivity, vulnerable and low-paid
informal work. In addition, female youth unemployment is high and women
remain largely perceived as a buffer workforce or secondary earners next
to men.
Suggested policies include support for women entrepreneurs; assisting
women working in agriculture to boost productivity; reducing Asia's
over-reliance on the informal sector; promoting equal access to quality
education and training; gender-responsive social protection; ensuring
equality in representation and decision-making; and following a
rights-based approach.
ADB's Knowledge Management and Sustainable Development Vice President
Ursula Schaefer-Preuss, said that 'ADB is firmly committed to promoting
gender equality and women's empowerment through our operations. We
believe that ADB has a responsibility to set a positive example for the
region in tackling gender inequality. This timely report sheds further
light on the negative impacts of gender discrimination in the labour
force, and provides a new chance for governments and societies to
increase quality employment options for women'.
The report is a joint undertaking by the ADB and the ILO Regional
Office for Asia and the Pacific, reflecting the high-level commitment of
both organizations to gender equality as an economic and social
investment that will generate enormous dividends for sustainable
development in the region. |