International Migrants Day:
Keep an open mind on migrant workers - IOM
Governments need to open their eyes to the benefits of migration and
share that vision with the public at large, says the International
Organization for Migration (IOM) as it marks International Migrants Day.
International migrants global map |
All too often now, the positive contributions migrants make to
society are being called into question as many governments adopt
short-sighted attitudes, presenting them as a burden to convalescing
economies or a drain on the welfare state.
Yet, evidence of migrants' contributions abound. A study published
earlier this year by University College London showed that newcomers
from Eastern Europe paid 37 per cent more in taxes than they received in
benefits and from public services in 2008-09. Many more migrants helped
to provide critical public services as doctors, nurses or cleaners in
the National Health Service. Another recent piece of research
highlighted the positive entrepreneurial impact immigrant communities
have on the British economy.
In the United States, native-born Americans gain an estimated $ 37
billion a year from immigrants' participation in the US economy,
according to the President's Council of Economic Advisers. More than one
in 10 self-employed business people in the U.S is an immigrant. "Despite
the evidence, few issues still elicit stronger reaction than that of
migration. From the floors of parliaments to city streets to discussions
around dinner tables, there are heated debates about migrants' impact on
national identity, security, employment, health and social welfare
systems - all those things that make up the fabric of a society," says
IOM Director General William Lacy Swing. "Unfortunately, many of these
discussions are based on emotions and myths and not on social and
economic reality. Migration now and in the future will be driven by
global economic, social and demographic trends that can no longer be
ignored."
According to IOM's recently launched World Migration Report,
international migrants could number 405 million by 2050 if migration
continues to grow at the same pace as during the last 20 years.
One of the reasons for this steep rise will be the population decline
in the world's industrialized countries, an expected drop of nearly 25
percent by 2050. This will significantly increase the demand for migrant
workers at a time when the labour force in developing countries will
increase from 2.4 billion in 2005 to 3.6 billion in 2040.
In many countries, migrant workers at all skills levels will be
needed for knowledge and innovation as well as for jobs that nationals
cannot or do not want to fill. These include health care, looking after
children and the elderly, public services, the service industry as well
as agriculture and construction.
The World Bank estimates that if countries with declining populations
allowed their workforce to grow by only 3 percent by letting in an extra
14 million migrant workers between 2001-2025, the world would be $356
billion a year better off - with the majority of these funds flowing to
developing countries.
"These numbers aren't just about economics. They need to be placed in
a human context too. Economic growth equals human and social development
and security," explains Swing. "In many parts of the world, migrants'
remittances have already done much to lift communities from extreme
poverty, put food on the table, given families a home and children an
education. All these things mean a better future for them and as a
result, for the rest of the world too." Migration is here to stay and
governments have to choose between adopting a "high road" or a "low
road" scenario to manage migration. The "low road scenario" is one of
status quo based on stereotypes, fear, and short-term political
expediency. It is characterized by restrictive migration policies and
the paucity of dialogue on migration, at national, regional and
international levels.
At the opposite end of the policy spectrum, a "high road" scenario
would heighten recognition of migration as an integral part of the
global economy and of migrants as vital constituents to any full
recovery from the current economic crisis. It would implement policies
that better meet increasing demands for labour migration, protect the
rights of migrants, promote regular dialogue between countries of origin
and destination and highlight the economic and social contribution of
migrants both in home and host countries.
"The challenge is to find humane and equitable solutions that
reconcile people's desire to migrate with the national sovereignty of
States on population movements.
"Cooperation is not only essential to ensure the rights of migrants
are respected but also to migrants respecting the culture and laws of
host countries," Swing concludes. |