Killing us softly
Rina Saeed Khan
For the citizens of Lahore, the arrival of December means the start
of the infamous fog that blankets the city each year in winter. For
almost two to three weeks, the city is smothered by a thick haze of mist
and air pollution which causes respiratory illnesses, closes down the
airport and makes travelling within the city a nightmare.
The fog is a result of the worsening air quality in Lahore, mainly as
a result of increasing vehicular and industrial emissions. This fog, or
more appropriately smog, is actually present the year round over the
city, but it is most visible in winter, when the lack of rain worsens
the pollution and the mist holds pollutants in suspension.
Karachi at least has its sea breeze to clear the city’s air on a
regular basis whereas Lahore has to wait for a heavy downpour. It is the
fine particulates and lead suspended in the air, which cause the most
acute health problems.
The fog is a result of the worsening air quality in Lahore,
mainly as a result of increasing vehicular and industrial
emissions. – Photos Dawn Library |
The major source of fine particulate pollution is vehicles, followed
by fossil fuel combustion in factories and emissions from power plants,
according to a report released by Pakistan’s Federal Ministry of
Environment in 2006. According to this report, urban air pollution in
Pakistan annually caused around 22,700 deaths, including those of 700
children.
The levels of air pollution in Lahore are now estimated to be 20
times higher than the guidelines set by the World Health Organization
(WHO). A survey in Lahore carried out by four major teaching hospitals
in 2004 found that vehicular pollution was responsible for at least 70
percent of ear, nose and throat diseases. Doctors are also concerned
about rising levels of lead in the blood caused by air-borne
particulates.
Lahoris have despairingly seen the steady deterioration of air
quality in their beloved city, once known for its shade covered roads
and parks galore. Over the years, many trees have been cut down to make
way for roads and further development. Indeed, Lahore’s Mall Road, once
known as the Thandee Sarak, has seen many of its century old trees cut
down in recent years to make way for traffic.
Urban planners now have their eyes on Lahore’s tree-lined Canal Road
- every time they make a new underpass, they cut down dozens of mature
trees and pave the green belts with concrete. They have already damaged
large portions of the canal under the guise of ‘development’. Instead of
protecting the remaining green belts in the city, they are bent on
degrading its environment.
They seem to think that by widening this main road which runs through
the city, they can solve the traffic congestion that is currently being
caused by all the extra cars on the roads of Lahore. The last provincial
Government came very close to cutting down around 1,850 mature trees
lining the canal in an attempt to widen the road and turn it into an
expressway.
It was only thanks to the efforts of a group of concerned citizens,
comprising artists, architects, lawyers and environmentalists that the
project was stopped. They started a movement called the Lahore Bachao
Tehreek and came out on the streets to protest against the project and
demanded a proper Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in keeping with
the Pakistan Environment Protection Act of 1997.
Incidentally, according to this law, all large development projects
(including roads, bridges, housing estates) must conduct EIAs. These are
environmental studies that are done to protect human health,
biodiversity, and property from any damage that might occur as a result
of development.
The Lahore Bachao Tehreek pointed out that cutting down the trees
would destroy the green areas around the canal and result in increased
noise and air pollution. There would be no trees to absorb the toxic
emissions from the thousands of cars that travel along the canal each
day. They calculated that currently mature trees on the canal are
absorbing 140lbs of pollutants daily. If the number of trees to be cut
was 1,850, pollution increase would amount to 259,000 lbs daily, without
calculating the increase due to the volume of traffic.
The Lahore Bachao Tehreek also predicted that the cutting of so many
trees would result in worsening smog in winter, which would result in
increased accidents while in summer the ‘heat island effect’ would take
place, leading to a temperature increase of two to three degrees in the
immediate vicinity.
Perhaps their main point was the fact that widening a road is not the
answer to controlling traffic when more and more cars are expected to
use the very same road.
The answer lies in the development of a proper public transportation
system and improving traffic conditions throughout the city.The Dawn |