UN declares water and sanitation as basic human
right:
Renewed push for water justice
Thalif Deen
While the resolution is non-binding,
it is a crucial first step to recognizing the right of all to clean
water and sanitation:
When the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) back in December 1948, 58 member
states voted for a historic document covering political, economic,
social and cultural rights.
Water, the spring of life for all. File photo |
On 28 July, nearly 62 years later, a widely-expanded 192-member
General Assembly adopted another memorable resolution: this time
recognizing water and sanitation as a basic human right.
The resolution proved politically divisive, with 122 countries voting
for it and 41 abstaining, but with no negative votes. Still, it fell
short of a North-South divide: a rich-versus-poor split, as originally
expected.
Solidarity
The United States abstained, as did some of the European and
industrialized countries, including Britain, Australia, Austria, Canada,
Greece, Sweden, Japan, Israel, South Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands,
Denmark, and Ireland.
But several developing nations, mostly from Africa, also abstained on
the vote, siding with rich industrial countries. These included
Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Zambia, Guyana, and Trinidad and
Tobago.
Bolivian Ambassador Pablo Solon representing a country that
spearheaded the resolution, said human rights were not born as fully
developed concepts, but are built on reality and experience.
The human rights to education and work, included in the UDHR, evolved
over time with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights.
“The same will occur with the human right to water and sanitation,”
he predicted in a statement to the General Assembly.
Speaking on behalf of the United States, John Sammis told delegates
his country had hoped to negotiate and ultimately join consensus on a
text that would uphold and support the international process on water
and sanitation currently under way in the Human Rights Council in
Geneva.
“Instead, we have here a resolution that falls far short of enjoying
the unanimous support of member states and may even undermine the work
under way in Geneva,” he cautioned.
“This resolution described the right to water and sanitation in a way
that is not reflective of existing international law; as there is no
‘right to water and sanitation’ in an international legal sense as
described by this resolution,” he said.
In a statement released after the vote, Board Chair of Food and Water
Watch Maude Barlow and group’s executive director Wenonah Hauter said:
“Our network of allies have been fighting for over 10 years towards
achieving a legally binding recognition of the human right to water at
the United Nations.”
While the resolution is non-binding, it is a crucial first step to
providing clean water and sanitation to all, the statement added.
Barlow and Hauter described the final vote “as an amazing and
surprising victory for water justice”.
Sahana Singh, editor of Asian Water, a leading monthly magazine on
water and wastewater, told IPS: “I think the concept of water as a human
right is enshrined within the right to life itself.”
“We all know that there is no life without water. No more time should
be wasted on drafting new laws and resolutions,” Singh said.
The Asian side
In developing countries, where implementation of laws is already such
a big problem, it makes little sense to push for more laws which will
only be relegated to dusty files, said Singh, who has closely followed
the water sector in the Asian region for the past 10 years.
Not all has the access to clean drinking water |
An engineer-turned-editor, Singh pointed out that unless clearly
specified upfront, the right to water could be taken to mean that water
should be free or nearly free.
Many argue that it is the improper pricing of water which has led to
the whole problem of this life-giving liquid being under-valued, wasted
and polluted.
“It has led to a situation where millions of litres of water are lost
daily due to leakages from pipe networks. Would such a situation be
allowed to exist with oil pipelines?” she asked.
The point to note is that the Governmental authorities of Singapore,
Manila, Phnom Penh and others, which understand the benefits of
providing water and sanitation to all their citizens, are working hard
to do so even without water being declared a human right.
On the other hand, the irresponsible governments which have done
little for existing rights, such as the right to equality or the right
against exploitation, are certainly not going to implement any more new
rights, she warned.
“What we need to focus on is how to make the mostly public water
utilities of the world function in an effective and transparent manner,”
Singh said.
The utilities need proper management, financial autonomy, training
and support from peer groups, she argued. And they need to be allowed to
charge appropriate tariffs to recover their costs and plough the money
back into improving their services.
Support of majority
They need to have their performance benchmarked against other
well-performing utilities so that they know where they need to improve.
All this cannot happen just by declaring water as a human right, Singh
declared.
Anil Naidoo, of the Canada-based Blue Planet Project, which was at
the forefront of the campaign, said the resolution had the overwhelming
support of a strong majority of countries, despite a handful of powerful
opponents.
“It must now be followed up with a renewed push for water justice. We
are calling for actions on the ground in communities around the world to
ensure that the rights to water and sanitation are implemented,” Naidoo
said.
Governments, aid agencies and the United Nations must take their
responsibilities seriously, he said.
Third World
Network Features |