World Environmental Day June 5:

Climate change and global warming

A.C.

Important factors for the climate changes lay in Earth gravity and Atmospheric pressure. Following three sectors which are mainly affected from above; Air (Air craft ejection of hot air at stratosphere), Water (Immerse object in the sea) and Earth Crust (Earth crust alteration)

Since the evolution of human race and its development, to start with invention of fire and then boat and ships, fire arms, electricity, mining, industrial revolution, automobile, oil and gas drill, sky scrapers and mega structures, missiles, nuclear test and detonations, aero space industry has been contributed extensively by alteration of nature resulting climate changes.

Humans are like parasites; use up the resources of host the mother earth ignoring the outcome just to enjoy day to day living without to having change so called economy the way of life for humans. Hope being the smartest life form in the planet earth at this juncture it will take necessary actions to prevent further damages to prevail the existence.

Global warming scenario

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the earth’s near-surface air and the oceans since the mid-twentieth Century and its projected continuation. Global surface temperature increased during the 100 years ending in 2005. Increasing global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, likely including an expanse of the subtropical desert regions.

Other likely effects include Arctic shrinkage and resulting Arctic methane release, shrinkage of the Amazon rainforest, increases in the intensity of extreme weather events, changes in agricultural yields, modifications of trade routes, glacier retreat, species extinctions and changes in the ranges of disease vectors.

Greenhouse effect

The causes of the recent warming are an active field of research. The scientific consensus is that the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases due to human activity has caused most of the warming observed since the start of the industrial era, and the observed warming cannot be satisfactorily explained by natural causes alone.

This attribution is clearest for the most recent 50 years, which is the period when most of the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations took place and for which the most complete measurements exist. (Extract from IPCC global warming report)

Factor One, AIR

This is what we know from IPCC and other recognized institutes. “The contribution of civil aircraft-in-flight to global CO2 emissions has been estimated at around 2 percent and some other reports indicate as much as 12 percent. However, in the case of high-altitude airliners which frequently fly near or in the stratosphere, non-CO2 altitude-sensitive effects may increase the total impact on anthropogenic (man-made) climate change significantly.

This problem is not present for aircraft that routinely operate at lower altitudes well inside the troposphere, such as balloons, airships, helicopters, most light aircraft, and many commuter aircraft.

While the principal greenhouse gas emission from powered aircraft in flight is CO2, other emissions may include nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, (together termed oxides of nitrogen or NOx), water vapour and particulates (soot and sulfate particles), sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide (which bonds with oxygen to become CO2 immediately upon release), incompletely-burned hydrocarbons, tetra-ethyl lead (piston aircraft only), and radicals such as hydroxyl, depending on the type of aircraft in use.”

I agree with the most of elements mentioned by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report. However it has missed out the important factor “ejection of hot air” which I believe the main effect from aircraft to be concentrated on.

Aircraft industry

From the Second World War, demands for aircraft have increased in alarming rate. At present you won’t be able to buy aircraft from main manufacturers for almost for a next decade as the total units are being booked. Due to this factor many airlines leases from another at higher rate in order to maintain the demand.

According to the report from the Air Port Council International total worldwide passenger traffic reached all time high in 2007, increasing by 6.9 percent over 2006. Final reports from 1200 ACI member airports confirm that they processed 4.8 billion passengers, 88.5 million metric tonnes of cargo and 76.4 million aircraft movements.

Following aircraft movement not included in above report;

Official Government flights

Military flight

Commercial air cargo carriers

Private Jet

Spy craft

Satellite launches and rocket launches

Most of the aircraft fly on high altitude (33,000ft) at Stratosphere, because the troposphere which is closer to the earth (11km) above sea level is where weather occurs due to the composition of the water vapour, a key factor for the weather changes in the air, resulting clouds, rain, snow or other weather features.

It is also an unstable layer where the air is constantly moving. As a result, aircraft flying through the troposphere may have a very bumpy ride, what we know as turbulence. You may have experienced this when flying before! Because of this turbulence, most jet airlines fly higher above the Earth in the stratosphere where the Ozone layer is because at this layer air is more still and clear as they can fly above the clouds.

Also less air pressure and gravity (Atmospheric density decrease with the altitude plus gravity decrease by 50 percent above 5.6km from the sea level)

Most of military fighter craft and spy craft fly between 39,000ft to 45,000ft just on the upper part of Stratosphere where the Ozone layer is. Fighter air craft speed over 1000km per hour scatters low pressure Ozone layer plus burning low dense oxygen and leaving CO2, hot air and constrails.

Effect

Before we go further please have a look at this egg in the bottle, elementary science project which will give you a fair idea of my theory.

How to get an egg inside the bottle

If you just set the egg on the bottle, its diameter is too large for it to slip inside. The pressure of the air inside and outside of the bottle is the same, so the only force that would cause the egg to enter the bottle is gravity. Gravity isn’t sufficient to pull the egg inside the bottle.

When insert burning match inside it heats the molecules of air in the bottle and causes the molecules to move far away from each other. Some of the heated molecules actually escape out past the egg that is resting on the mouth of the bottle.

When the flame goes out, the molecules of air in the bottle cool down and move closer together. This is what scientists refer to as a “partial vacuum “. Normally the air outside the bottle would come rushing in to fill the bottle.

However, that darn egg is in the way! The “push” or pressure of the air molecules outside the bottle is so great that it literally pushes the egg into the bottle.

Imagine over 200,000 aircraft daily burning fuel above earth surface at 33,000ft and producing hot air, CO2 and other by products.

If we apply the above elementary science; when HOT AIR emit by the aircraft at a cruising speed of 800kms to stratosphere its expand the air molecules by pushing towards the upper stratosphere and when air cool down creating “partial vacuum” displacing the lower stratosphere air molecules (*since gravity and air density decrease with the altitude)

When this physical transaction takes place at stratosphere, known boundary expand gradually towards the upper stratosphere causing clouds to rise alone accordingly. This move also supported by the construction of man made mega structures and skyscrapers by lifting the point of gravity effect from sea level to structure top. (Please refer to the gravitation field variation anomaly)

These factors are more visible in United States, as each year more than 62 million commercial and military flights across the skies and also by sky rise buildings more than any other country, which are resulting higher temperature at sea level.

Therefore I believe hot air emission by air craft at 33,000ft above the sea level more lethal than CO2 emission.

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