Commitment and the contribution of SLAF volunteer Force

Sqn. Ldr. J.T. Rex Fernando (S.L.A.F.Retd.)

First Commanding Officer, Sri Lanka Volunteer Air Force

ANNIVERSARY: As the Sri Lanka Air Force celebrates its 56 Anniversary, the contribution it has made throughout the five and a half decades in safeguarding the country’s airspace and thereby the territorial integrity has been given wide coverage in the print and electronic media.

Recounting its illustrious history it can look back with pride and satisfaction at its enviable record of its operational successes, its high reputation and also its contribution towards the development of the country’s

 non military fields.

While recounting the vital role it played in crushing the abortive armed resurrection of 1971, it is only appropriate to recall the supportive role of the Sri Lanka Volunteer Air Force.

Armed insurrection

The armed insurrection of April, 1971, planned to overthrow the lawfully constituted United Front Government which demonstrated clearly the tragic unpreparedness of the Government’s Security Forces, at that time to deal promptly with a major bloody uprising as the one the insurgents launched.

On the one hand, there was not enough arms and ammunition. On the other hand the strength of the Security Forces was far below that required to sustain a major operation.

The Air Force in particular had to perform a number of tasks in the first difficult days of the campaign with the small regular force and found the need to supplement the relatively small regular force.

On April 24th Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike said; “ on the 5th of April we found that we had inadequate weapons, ammunition and aircraft to meet a sustained threat over a long period of time by the terrorist insurgents”.

The Prime Minister made this point again in July when she told in Parliament that “the week immediately following the 5th of April was an extremely vital week and the Armed Forces and the police had to struggle against many odds during this period”.

The Air Force had to expand fast. Likewise the other sections of the nation’s security forces had to be put in a state of preparedness to deal with any future threat to the country’s security.

The urgent need of the hour when the country was facing a great threat from terrorist was to strengthen the Armed Forces and the Police. It was this pressing need that led to the formation of the Sri Lanka Volunteer Air Force.

Formation of the Volunteer Force

To Air Vice Marshal Mendis, the formation of the volunteer Air Force was the realisation of a cherished dream.

For over 20 years, since inauguration of the Volunteer Force had never been given serious consideration. With the pressing requirement to supplement the Regular strength the formation of the Volunteer Air Force was formally authorised by a proclamation by the President on 14th April 1971.

Appointed the first Commanding Officer, I was directed by A. V. M. Mendis to proceed with the setting up of the infrastructure, recruitment, training and deployment as a matter of utmost priority. The task itself was challenging and unenviable.

However, with the guidance of the Commander and the continuous support of the Air Force Board of Management and with the exemplary dedication and admirable commitment of my adjutant Flt. Lt Mani Seneviratne the task was pursued and successfully accomplished.

The role of the Volunteer Force was essentially to assist the Regular Force in its primary and internal security duties. With more volunteers employed on internal security duties the skilled regular tradesmen were able to concentrate on their specialist technical and other skilled duties.

The Volunteer Force was organised into Squadrons on the basis of their functional role broadly into Ground Operational Squadrons, Work Services Squadrons and Air Operational Squadrons.

Despite the relatively short period of training and the limited “on the job training” Volunteer personnel contributed considerably to the Air Force tasks.

Apart from internal security duties and general operational tasks Volunteer personnel were employed almost in every field of Air Force activity, on flying duties, Air Field Construction, Mechanical Transport Operations and maintenance, Engineering duties, Logistics and Catering Duties and Administrative, clerical, Medical and other miscellaneous service duties.

The Air Field Construction Regiment was organised to undertake major construction projects and maintenance commitments.

The Volunteers working side by side with the regulars assimilated the service form and gained confidence. The “espirit de corps”, the cordiality and friendship that prevailed contributed greatly to the success it achieved.

Recruiting and training

Recruitment commenced almost immediately. After the promulgation the first batch of Volunteer Officers and Airmen commenced their initial Ground Combat training at Diyatalawa on April 23rd.While the Volunteer pilots at the same time commenced flying training at the No. 1 Flying Training School China Bay.

The task of the Instructors was not an unenviable one. They had to train personnel recruited from various walks of life as combatants and capable of operating their intricate flying machines and cope with various operational and non combatant duties within a short period. The full, authorised cadre was recruited and training completed by the end of May.

The initial courses of training were designed to mould the trainees to be alert, efficient and well disciplined members of the Air Force; proficient in all basic aspects of ground combat and other general responsibilities; capable of working with confidence, side by side with their regular counterparts in a support role.

All Volunteer trainees within the short period of training were trained adequately in varied service aspects, among which were drill, weapon training, field-craft and tactics, map reading, jungle training and watermanship, Air Force Law, and afforded an adequate knowledge of the organisation of the Air Force and also first aid and fire fighting. Special emphasis was placed on physical fitness and the standard of physical fitness gradually raised, training them to take on the role of combatants irrespective of their specialised trades. Subsequent to initial combat training, trainees were afforded “on the job training” on their particular trade duties.

Among the officers specialists recruited were General Duties Pilots who were required to supplement the meager number of Regular Pilots who were continuously flying day and night on operational and Air Transportation commitments, since the outbreak of the terrorist offensive.

The Volunteer Pilots were intended to provide some relief though it was not possible to immediately employ most of them on flying operational duties. While very few were experienced pilots, most of the selected pilots held previous experience in light trainee aircrafts only. A rapid course of training on the basic Chipmunk, and converting them on the Dove and Heron they were of assistance to the Regular Pilots.

Spontaneous response

With the formation of the Volunteer Air Force there was an encouraging and unprecedented response from persons of all walks of life to join the Force.

Reputed professionals of various disciplines as well as highly skilled and semiskilled persons all driven by a sense of patriotism and yearning to contribute their skills to preserve the sovereignty and national integrity.

While a great number of professionals volunteered and served with distinction, it is appropriate to mention the names of some in appreciation and expression of gratitude for their service, and also to indicate the multiplicity of disciplines and professions that were made to the Air Force.

Medical professionals, Late Doctor T.H. Amarasinghe Senior Consultant, Doctor S.Maheshwaran Consultant Surgeon, Dental Surgeon Dr. S. Rajapakse, experienced and reputed Pilots Susantha Jayasekara and David Peiris, Consultant and Chartered Cost Accountants late Dayalan Tharmaratnam and S. Balakur. R. Ramachandra Registered Auditor and Chartered Management Consultant KudaLiyanage, Banker Nimal Gunatunge, Chartered Civil Engineers Mervyn Wijesinghe, Ben Navaratne, Chartered Architect Mano Kumarasingham, Attorney at Law and Human Resources Consultant Tilak Lyanage and Lucky Moonamale.

Civil Servant Mervyn Koch, Management Specialist Mahes Goonathilake and Business entrepreneurs late EdNathanielz, late Bevis De Silva, Upali Gunesekera and late Harold Pilapiya and reputed entertainer Desmond De Silva and National Cricketers Brian Obeysekera, Tony Opatha and Nihal De Zoysa. All these gentlemen with a great number of others served the force with distinction.

Most of them did so despite the personal inconvenience, disruption of their regular employment, business, and domestic life since most of them were located in remote and uncongenial locations such as Ridiyagama, Weerawila, Weeraketiya and Hambantota.

The entry of women into the Volunteer organisation in August this year can be considered a unique feature in the build up of the Volunteer Force. Armed Services an exclusive preserve of the men opened its doors to the women.

The four pioneering women on graduating on October 4, 1972 were engaged on secretarial duties and duties associated with tourist flying.

Continued mobilisation

It must be accepted that when personnel initially enlisted in the Volunteer Force, they did not anticipate to be mobilised for prolonged periods of time.

Especially those with permanent employment and holding responsible positions and in the Government Sectors did encounter hardships as a result of continued mobilisation and deployment in remote areas.

Some of them were gradually absorbed into the Regular Force, and some left after fulfilling an obligation on cessation of hostilities.

In 1973 just two years after the formation of the Volunteer Force, the Commander of the Air Force AVM P. H. Mendis with a sense of great satisfaction referring to the Volunteer Force asserted “As a result of hard work and dedication to duty of the highest order, the Volunteer Force has distinguished itself in combat, security, administrative, operational and constructional duties. Your units are based in many locations within the country and you have carried out your duties exceptionally well”.

Every Volunteer was conscious that he/she has a vital role to play in the context of defence of the country. The sense of dedication and devotion to duty inculcated by the Regular counterparts was indeed the most encouraging feature of the Volunteer Organisation.

These gentlemen who spontaneously responded to a call to serve the country in her hour of peril maintained their enthusiasm and displayed a remarkable dedication to duty.

Their service was of help to the Air Force at a time the country was plunged into bloody chaos. It is only appropriate to recall their contribution and express our appreciation of their services.