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| Wednesday, 24 December 2003 |
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Nuances of Lassiya in Bharatha Natyam by Subashini Pathmanatham Lassiya in Bharatha Natyam consists of Nirtyam and Natyam. Panasuran was the devotee of Lord Siva, and his daughter Ushai was one of the maids of goddess Parvathi. Legend has it that Parvathi taught Lassiya to Ushai and to Bharatha Muni. It is a general belief that Ushai taught the Lassiya to the gopies. And they in turn, taught it to the women of Sowrastra who taught the Lassiya to others.In Lassiya the pre-eminent position is occupied by Abinaya which is regarded as the common link between the audience and the artiste.
Natya Sastra was given to the world by Lord Brahma. Lord Brahma composed the Natya Sastra, from other Vedas, namely Rig Veda, Yasoor Veda, Sama Veda and Atharvana Veda. Natya Sastra is regarded as the fifth Veda in Hinduism. From Rig Veda he gathered the Literature, Abinya from Yasoor Veda, music from the Sama Veda, and Rasa from Atharavana Veda. Abinaya is a sub division of Lassiya. Abinaya consists of four categories namely Ankgika, Akariya, Vasika and Saathvika. With the aforesaid four categories of Abinayas, another aspect of dance called Bhava is included in Lassiya. Abinaya depicts the nature, structure, and the meaning of the concerned concept through hand gestures. (Muthras or Hastas). For this reason the hand gestures which are used in Abinaya are called working hands. Grace hands The hands used for Adavus are called grace hands. There are altogether 13 hand gestures used in Adavus to show the beauty of the Adavus. For this reason the hand gestures used in Adavus are called Nirtha Hasta or Grace Hands.
The Muthras used in Abinayas are called Nirthiya Hands or Working Hands. These Muthras are very important to explain the meaning of the song. Muthras (hand gestures) are equally important for Abinayas and Adavus. These Muthras are divided into two divisions. One is single hand Muthras and the other is double hand Muthras. Single hand Muthras are generally called Asamutha Hasthas, and double hand Muthras are called Samutha Hasthas. In dance altogether 28 single hand Muthras and 23 double hand Muthras are used. But the total numbers of muthras differ from book to book. Another concept of Lassiyas in Bhava. That means the display of emotions through Angas (organs) and facial expressions. Generally there are four types of Bhavas in dance. They are Vibhava, Anubhava, Viyabisari Bhava and Saathviga Bhava. Viyabisari Bhava consists of two different categories. One is Alambana Vibhava and the other is Ubathina Vibahva. Another category of Bhava is Anubhava, in this category all the four divisions of Abinayas, namely, Angika, Akariya, Vasika, and Saathvika Abinaya are included. Expressions Another category of Bhava is Viyabishari Bhava. In this Bhava the expressions are shown as opposite emotions, (anger-laughter). In Sathvika Bhava the artiste manifests the emotions in realistic manner, for instance sorrow by weeping. This could be often seen in cinemas and dramas. In dance the dancer displays this Bhava through Abinaya, (hand gestures) and facial expressions. Without Bhava explaining the meaning of the song through Abinaya by Muthras (hand gestures) is regarded as Kabantha Kuthu. Similarly without Abinaya explaining the meaning of the song only through facial expression is called Mukajam. Sancaahri Bhava means the repetition of a particular line in the dance. The artiste expresses the meaning variously. This reveals the creativity and ability of the dancer. The concept of Bhava is inter-related to Rasas. Because of this inter-relationship Bhava is often called Bhava Rasas. Rasa is generally understood as the essence of Bhava. Earlier there were eight Bhavas in dance. These eight Bhavas are coordinated to eight Rasas. But later Santham was added to the other eight Rasas, making Rasas as navarasas. (Nava means nine). Nava Rasa are Sringara Rasa - Erotic (Bhava), Hasyarasa, Laughter (Bhava), Karuna Rasa, Benevolence (Bhava), Ruthra Rasa, Anger (Bhava), Bibacha Rasa, Odious (Bhava), Bhayanaka Rasa, Fear (Bhava), Atputha Rasa, Astonishment (Bhava), Santha Rasa and Peace (Bhava). |
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