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By Alister Doyle

OSLO, (Reuters) - Rocks deep below the North Sea or the Ohio River in the United States could be burial grounds for global warming despite opposition from environmentalists who fear a leaky, short-sighted fix. Governments and companies around the world are studying ways to pump greenhouse gases - from power stations, oil platforms or steel mills - into deep, porous rocks where they might be trapped for millions of years and curb a rise in temperatures.

The United States signed a charter on June 25 with the European Union's executive Commission and 12 countries including Russia, China, Japan, Canada and Brazil to research the technology in a "Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum". But some environmentalists say the idea is costly and like trying to sweep one of the planet's greatest problems under the carpet.

"The storage potential is enormous," said Tore Torp of the Norwegian oil company Statoil, which has the world's first commercial store of carbon dioxide (CO2) in sandstone 1,000 metres (3,300 feet) under the North Sea. "We believe the CO2 will stay there for many thousands of years. There is no sign of leakage," Torp said of the project he leads at the Sleipner gas and condensate field. Tests began at Sleipner to filter out and bury CO2 in 1996. CO2 is the main gas blamed for blanketing the planet and driving up temperatures, disrupting the climate with more frequent floods, droughts and storms that could trigger everything from desertification to higher sea levels. In a U.S. project, drills near a coal-fired power plant run by American Electric Power in West Virginia have reached about 1,200 metres (4,000 feet) in a search for CO2 storage sites in sandstone as deep as 3,000 metres (10,000 feet) below the Ohio River Valley.

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