What’s in a name?
For south Sudanese quite a lot :
The flag is ready; a national anthem has been written. But as south
Sudanese swarmed to the polls this week to vote on forging the world’s
newest state, there was still no consensus what to call it.
Cush, Nile Republic, New Sudan, or plain old South Sudan — all manner
of suggestions have been put forward. But none has yet won general
agreement, let alone captured the public imagination.
Part of the problem is ideological. The leadership of the rebel group
that led the south to the 2005 peace deal which paved the way for this
week’s independence referendum was only very belatedly converted to the
partitionist cause.
For most of his life — he died in a mysterious helicopter crash on
the way home from Uganda just months after signing the agreement with
the northern government veteran rebel leader John Garang fought not for
a separate state but for a new, secular, multi-ethnic Sudan.
To this day, the movement he led is still called the Sudan People’s
Liberation Movement, and its former military wing now the southern army
the Sudan People’s Liberation Army.
Out of respect for Garang’s legacy and the prestige the SPLM/A won
among many south Sudanese for its resistance to northern forces during
the civil war, no one has attempted to prefix an extra “S” for south or
even shift the apostrophe in People’s to suggest there is more than one.
That is also why the idea of renaming the south New Sudan has
resonance among older people. During the 1983-2005 civil war all manner
of shops and other institutions in rebel-held areas from bakeries to
laundries were called New Sudan.
There has long been a rival secessionist tendency within the south,
but it never managed to remove Garang and his ideology from the SPLM
mainstream.
Riek Machar, now vice president in the transitional autonomous
southern regional government, formed a breakaway South Sudan
Independence Movement in the 1990s but eventually rallied to the SPLM as
Garang moved towards negotiating the peace deal that would lead to this
week’s vote.
The White Nile runs right through the heart of southern Sudan, used
for transport, as a source of food and a place to wash. The editor of
Citizen Newspaper, the region’s largest, thinks the country should be
renamed the Nile Republic.
“Most of our communities are along the Nile and historically our ties
with our neighbours have something to do with the Nile,” Nhial Bol told
AFP in his office in the regional capital Juba, which itself sits on the
banks of the river.
“So from Egypt up to here our relations are only the Nile — we have
no blood relations, it is not anything.”
In a mainly Christian region which has fought five decades of
conflict with the Muslim north, the past decade and a half of them
against an Islamist-inspired regime that did not hesitate to deploy
jihadist-style auxiliary militias, Biblical references also inevitably
carry weight.
AFP |