New body to stem loss of ecosystems
A new international body aimed at reversing the unprecedented loss of
species and ecosystems vital to life on Earth due to human activity has
passed its final hurdle with approval by the United Nations General
Assembly.
In a resolution adopted by consensus, the Assembly yesterday called
on the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) to take the necessary steps to
set up the Intergovernmental Science Platform on Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the final approval needed for the body for
which the groundwork had been laid at UNEP-sponsored meetings earlier
this year.
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Protect our
ecosystems |
“IPBES represents a major breakthrough in terms of organizing a
global response to the loss of living organisms and forests,
freshwaters, coral reefs and other ecosystems that underpin all life,
including economic life, on Earth,” UNEP Executive Director Achim
Steiner said today.
It caps 2010 as the International Year of Biodiversity, launched in
January to raise awareness and generate public pressure for action by
global leaders on the vital link between biodiversity, ecosystems and
survival, based on the premise that the world’s diverse ecosystems
purify the air and the water that are the basis of life, stabilize and
moderate the Earth’s climate, renew soil fertility, cycle nutrients and
pollinate plants.
IPBES, which in many ways mirrors the UN-backed Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that has helped to catalyze government
action on global warming, will foster the search for government action
needed to reverse the accelerating degradation of the natural world and
its species, which some experts put at 1,000 times the natural
progression.
Its role includes high-quality peer reviews of the wealth of science
on the issue from research institutes across the globe and outlining
transformational policy options to bring about real change.As to the
economic costs, a UN-backed Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity
(TEEB) study last year estimated loss of natural capital due to
deforestation and degradation at between $2 trillion and $4.5 trillion
every year – “a staggering economic cost of taking nature for granted.”
It said an annual $45 billion investment into protected areas alone
could secure delivery of ecosystem services worth some $5 trillion a
year.
Outlining some of the potential benefits of IPBES, UNEP cited
bringing to the attention of Governments so-called “new topics”
identified by science. Some, for example, claim that evidence of
deoxygenated dead zones in the world’s oceans took too long to migrate
from scientific circles into the in-trays of policy-makers. Similar
concerns exist over the pros and cons of biofuels.
Some experts are convinced that many discoveries, from the
identification of new lower life forms to the fast disappearance of
others, remain within the corridors of research institutes and
universities for many years before they reach the wider world, by which
time it may be too late to act to protect the species concerned.
Unravelling the precise role of animals, plants, insects and even
microbes within ecosystems and their functions in terms of the services
generated, from water purification to soil fertility, could also be a
major thrust, UNEP said.
While IPBES will support some capacity building in developing
countries, a main role will be to catalyze funding to assist them.
Some 12 per cent of birds, 25 per cent of mammals and 32 per cent of
amphibians are now threatened with extinction within a century, it
added.
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