Kolkata landmark threatened by spit
Sheathed in 26,500 tonnes of high-tensile steel and capable of
handling 100,000 vehicles a day without a groan, Kolkata’s Howrah Bridge
is facing a threat its builders had never dreamed of — human spittle.
Recognised as one of the world’s finest cantilever bridges, the
landmark structure, which straddles West Bengal’s mighty Hooghly River,
is supported by key pillars that engineers say are suffering from severe
corrosion.
Howrah Bridge straddles West Bengal’s Hooghly River in Kolkata.
AFP |
The source of the damage is paan — the mixture of betel leaf, areca
nut, slaked lime paste and often tobacco — that is habitually chewed by
millions of Indians as a palate cleanser and digestive aid.
Half a million people walk across the bridge every day, and the
collective red-hued spittle of huge numbers of paan-chewing pedestrians
is eating into the protective steel hoods at the base of the main
pillars.
“The thickness of some of the hoods has halved in just three years,”
said Amal Kumar Mehra, a chief engineer with the Kolkata Port Trust
which is responsible for the bridge’s upkeep.
“It’s a real concern, and may even require closing the bridge for
repairs,” Mehra told AFP.
According to experts, the ingredients in paan can combine into a
highly corrosive compound that is capable of breaking down steel.
“The accumulation of spit laced with this compound can have an
acid-like effect on steel and gradually eat into the structure,” said
Chandranath Bhattacharya, director of Kolkata’s Central Forensic Science
Laboratory.
Constructed during the final decade of British colonial rule, Howrah
Bridge was opened to traffic in February 1943.
At 705 metres (2,300 feet) long — it can expand by as much as one
metre during the heat of a summer’s day — the iconic structure serves as
the gateway to Kolkata, linking the city with Howrah Station, one of the
world’s busiest railway hubs.
The bridge has comfortably weathered the intense storms that are
often whipped up in the Bay of Bengal area and in 2005 survived being
rammed by a 1,000-tonne cargo vessel.
But the tannin-rich, half-chewed mixture of betel and slaked lime is
proving a more formidable challenge.
Kolkata police chief Gautam Mohon Chakraborty says his men fine
dozens of people every day for spitting on the bridge’s hoods and
railings.
“But with nearly half-a-million people passing across every day, it’s
just not possible for the police to stop the nuisance completely,”
Chakraborty said.
“What we really need is a campaign to educate people about the
importance of the bridge and the damaging effect of spitting,” he added.
Paan-chewing is prevalent across South Asia and in India the habit
has a history of several thousand years. As well as discolouring the
teeth and gums, regular intake of paan — particularly if it includes
tobacco — heightens the risk of mouth and stomach cancer.
AFP |