Simple drug could save 100,000 lives a year
Kate Kelland, Health and Science Corr
A cheap and easily administered medicine which helps to stem
excessive bleeding could save the lives of many thousands of accident
victims across the world, British scientists said on Tuesday.
Researchers studied 20,000 patients across 40 countries and found
that the drug — tranexamic acid, or TXA — significantly cut death rates,
suggesting it could prevent up to 100,000 untimely deaths a year
worldwide if it were used routinely.
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Bloodcots.
Source: Google |
The drug, which is an off-patent generic medicine made by several
companies and costing around $4.50 per gram, should also now be listed
as “essential” by the World Health Organisation (WHO), the researchers
said.
“The option to use tranexamic acid should be available to doctors
treating trauma patients in all countries,” said Ian Roberts and Haleema
Shakur of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, whose
study was published in The Lancet. Based on their findings, TXA could
save about 13,000 lives each year in India and about 12,000 in China,
they said. It would also save around 2,000 in the U.S. and more in
Europe.
Injuries are a major cause of death worldwide. Every year, more than
a million people die from road injuries and traffic accidents are the
ninth leading cause of death worldwide.
On top of that, stabbings, shootings, land mines and other injuries
kill thousands more, many of them young men. Haemorrhage, or excessive
bleeding, is responsible for about a third of trauma deaths in hospitals
and can also contribute to deaths from multi-organ failure.
More than 90 percent of trauma deaths occur in low-income and
middle-income countries, where access to medicines is often restricted
by poorer infrastructure and fewer resources.
Since TXA helps to stem bleeding by reducing clot breakdown,
Roberts’s team thought it might work well for patients with severe
bleeding. However, they were worried it might increase the risk of blood
clotting complications such as heart attacks, strokes and clots in the
lungs.
Their large trial involved 200,000 severely injured adults who had
significant bleeding, or were at risk of significant bleeding, and were
within a few hours of having been injured.
Patients received either one gram of TXA by injection, followed by
another one gram in a drip over the following eight hours, or a matching
placebo or “dummy” medicine.
The researchers then studied the numbers of deaths in hospital within
four weeks of injury and found that TXA cut the risk of death due to
excessive bleeding by about one sixth, and there was no increased risk
of clotting complications.
Etienne Krug, the WHO’s Director for violence, injury prevention and
disability, said the findings were important and could help to lessen
the impact of accidents and injuries.
Reuters
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