Saving the world’s primates
AN ECOLOGICAL PRIORITY
Sri Lankan species in endangered list:
Mankind’s closest living relatives - the world’s apes, monkeys,
lemurs and other primates - are under unprecedented threat from
destruction of tropical forests, illegal wildlife trade and commercial
bushmeat hunting, with 29 per cent of all species in danger of going
extinct, according to a new report.
Titled “Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered
Primates—2006—2008,” the report compiled by 60 experts from 21 countries
warns that failure to respond to the mounting threats now exacerbated by
climate change will bring the first primate extinctions in more than a
century. Overall, 114 of the world’s 394 primate species are classified
as threatened with extinction on the IUCN Red List.
Hunters kill primates for food and to sell the meat; traders capture
them for live sale; and loggers, farmers, and land developers destroy
their habitat.
One species, Miss Waldron’s red colobus of Ivory Coast and Ghana,
already is feared extinct, while the golden-headed langur of Vietnam and
China’s Hainan gibbon number only in the dozens. The Horton Plains
slender loris of Sri Lanka has been sighted just four times since 1937.
“You could fit all the surviving members of these 25 species in a
single football stadium; that’s how few of them remain on Earth today,”
said CI President Russell A. Mittermeier, who also chairs the IUCN/SSC
Primate Specialist Group.
“The situation is worst in Asia, where tropical forest destruction
and the hunting and trading of monkeys puts many species at terrible
risk. Even newly discovered species are severely threatened from loss of
habitat and could soon disappear.”
As “Flagship Species” and our closest living relatives, nonhuman
primates are important to the health of their surrounding ecosystems.
Through the dispersal of seeds and other interactions with their
environments, primates help support a wide range of plant and animal
life that makes up the Earth’s forests.
The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates list, compiled at the 21st
Congress of the International Primatological Society in Entebbe, Uganda,
follows similar assessments in 2000, 2002 and 2004.
Eight of the primates on the latest list, including the Sumatran
orangutan of Indonesia and the Cross River gorilla of Cameroon and
Nigeria, are “four-time losers” that also appeared on the previous three
lists. Six other species are on the list for the first time, including a
recently discovered Indonesian tarsier that has yet to be formally
named.
Madagascar and Vietnam each have four primates on the new list, while
Indonesia has three, followed by Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Ivory Coast, Ghana
and Colombia with two each, and one each from China, Cameroon,
Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Nigeria, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Peru,
Venezuela and Ecuador. Some primates on the list are found in more than
one country.
By region, the list includes 11 species from Asia, seven from Africa,
four from Madagascar, and three from South America, showing that
non-human primates are threatened wherever they live.
All 25 primates on the 2006—2008 list are found in the world’s
biodiversity hotspots—34 high priority regions identified by
Conservation International that cover just 2.3 percent of the Earth’s
land surface but harbour well over 50 per cent of all terrestrial plant
and animal diversity.
Eight of the hotspots are considered the highest priorities for the
survival of the most endangered primates: Indo-Burma, Madagascar and the
Indian Ocean Islands, Sundaland, Eastern Afromontane, Coastal Forests of
Eastern Africa, Guinean Forests of West Africa, the Atlantic Forest of
Brazil, and Western Ghats-Sri Lanka.
Habitat loss due to the clearing of tropical forests for agriculture,
logging, and the collection of fuel wood continues to be the major
factor in the declining number of primates, according to the report.
Tropical deforestation also emits 20 percent of total greenhouse
gases that cause climate change, which is more than all the world’s
cars, trucks, trains and airplanes combined. In addition, climate change
is altering the habitats of many species, leaving those with small
ranges even more vulnerable to extinction.
“By protecting the world’s remaining tropical forests, we save
primates and other endangered species while preventing more carbon
dioxide from entering the atmosphere to warm the climate,” Mittermeier
noted.
Hunting for subsistence and commercial purposes is another major
threat to primates, especially in Africa and Asia. Live capture for the
pet trade also poses a serious threat, particularly to Asian species.
The 2006-2008 list focuses on the severity of the overall threat
rather than mere numbers. Some on the list, such as the Sumatran
orangutan, still number in the low thousands but are disappearing at a
faster rate than other primates.
Others were discovered only in recent years, and their low numbers
and limited range make them particularly vulnerable to habitat
destruction and other threats.
Science Daily |