Today is Binara Pasalosvaka Poya
Binara Pasalosvaka Poya occupies a significant place in the history
of Buddha Sasana. It is on this Poya day, Bhikkhuni Sasana was founded.
Art by Sarath Nandakumara |
The Vinaya Pitaka and Anguttara Nikaya give the following account on
setting up the monastic order for women thus: At one time the Buddha was
in Kapilavatthu and his step-mother, Maha-Pajapati Gotami asked
permission to go forth into the homeless life.
The Buddha refused, saying, "No, Gotami, do not wish for women to
enter homeless life in this doctrine and discipline that has been taught
by the Tathagata. Maha-Pajapati Gotami made the same request on two
other occasions, but the Buddha gave a negative answer each time, and
Maha-Pajapati Gotami was very disappointed.
On a later occasion, when the Buddha was residing in Vesali,
Maha-Pajapati Gotami, Rahula-Mata, and a large group of Sakyan ladies
cut their hair, dressed themselves in ascetic clothes, and went as a
group to Vesali, travelling the long distance (more than three hundred
kilometres) on foot to show their profound determination.
At the end of their journey, they gathered together weeping outside
the gate of the place where the Buddha was residing. Seeing
Maha-Pajapati Gotami and her group, Ayasmanta
Ananda made a new request
on their behalf. This time, the Buddha gave permission to Maha-Pajapati
Gotami to enter the homeless life 'in this doctrine and discipline' on
condition that she would accept the Eight Great Conditions.
The other significance of this Poya is that it falls during the Vas
retreat season of bhikkhus.
The bhikkhus who are in Vas retreat in temples get engaged in acts of
guiding the Upasakas and Upasikas in Dhamma path by ways of Dhamma
sermons, and advising and helping them in religious rituals such as
Bodhi Poojas, in gratitude who look after the bhikkhus in providing them
with the four essentials in the life of a bhikkhu namely: Ceevara,
pindapatha, senasana, gilanopastana (robes, alms, shelter, and medical
care).
Poya in the Vassana
Rupa Banduwardena
The Binara Poya remains an important one for those devout Buddhists
looking forward to celebrate the 'Katina Puja' which is believed to be
the most merit bestowing religious ceremony.
Mahiyangana Cetiya. |
With a heritage of glorious history from the Buddha's times this
gives a unique opportunity to thousands who wait eagerly to gain merit
by partaking in giving along, attending to the daily needs of the Sangha
during the Vassana season which culminates in the annual Katina Puja.
Back to its origin - After attaining enlightenment under the Bodhi
Tree at Buddhagaya, Sakyamuni or Gautama proceeded to Saranath and it
was here that he preached his first sermon to the five ascetics in the
Deer park and set in motion the wheel of the Dhamma. The four Noble
truths were revealed to the world.
The five ascetics became his first disciples. By the end of the year
there were many who joined him. As time passed, numerous disciples from
all over rallied round Him.
Ancient chronicles say that as soon as the Buddha uttered the first
word the earth trembled. The Buddha said, "go forth bhikkus into the
world taking the message to them, explain to them what I have
explained."
The Buddha himself showed the world how one could be of service by
going to meet those in distress, those suffering in pain. It was out of
loving kindness and compassion that He walked on dusty rough roads in
north west India preaching His doctrine.
The Buddha's way of life, His system was based on doctrine and
discipline. Discipline which implies moral excellence has a classic
impact on the code of conduct taught in Buddhism. Alms bowl (pathraya)
is one of the eight items of the personal property of Buddhist monk who
has taken a very rigorous vow of poverty.
The early Buddhist monk was a mendicant and consequently he depended
on the generosity of the laymen for his existence. This became all the
most important during the rainy season during which time they are
confined to the temple.
During the rainy season with the monsoons blowing heavily, causing
floods they are not in a position to engage in Pindapatha - i.e.
requesting for alms with their alms bowl. Hence the Buddhist monk is
expected to be indoors.
Though the Esala poya marks the inauguration of the 'vas' season it
is continued in the month of Binara when monks stay in their own temples
without going out for Pindapatha (dana). According to early chronicles
the first vas was observed by the Buddha and His five disciples at
Isipathane Migadaya.
According to the Buddha those who have become bhikkhus having given
up worldly pleasures are free to devote their full time, energy and
effort to concentrate on Dhamma and meditate during vas time as the
achievement of perfection in 'Sila' is what is expected of them.
There was also the belief that merit could be acquired by the laity
by making offerings to the Sangha. This is a fairly common Buddhist
activity in early Sri Lanka mostly among the rural sector. Though Binera
Poya does not rank high like, Vesak, Poson and Esala it is of great
importance with regard to the Vassana season, to the Sri Lankan
Buddhists.
The other event for which the Binara Poya is important to the Sri
Lankan Buddhists is that the annual Maha Perahera of Mahiyangana is held
on this day.
One of the most sacred places for Buddhists of Sri Lanka is the stupa
at Mahinyangana. According to Mahavamsa the earliest Buddhist relic was
the Hair Relic of the Buddha which had been offered to Deva Mahasumana,
when he begged Thatagatha something to worship on his first visit to the
island.
He gave him a handful of hair from his head.
These were enshrined in Mahiyangana stupa and it became a place of
great veneration to the devout Buddhists in Sri Lanka.
The Department of Archaeology had discovered a large piece of mural
in a relic chamber which had escaped damage and this is said to be an
invaluable treasure from an artistic and historic point of view. The
painting is preserved in a museum at Anuradhapura.
The annual Perahera is much looked forward to an annual event. The
colourful procession comprising of traditional drummers, dancers,
trumpeters, elephants and thousands of devotees with overflowing
shraddha, is believed to bless the entire region as if the living Buddha
is bestowing compassion and loving kindness to humanity.
Origin of life-Buddhist point of view
Daya Sirisena
There were many articles written from time to time about the origin
of life and the beginning of the world, this article is dedicated to
disclose Buddhist point of view.
"Na Hethu deva Brahma va
Samsara Atathikarako
Suddhamma Pavanthanthi
Hethu Sambhava appaccayati"
"There is no God or Brahma
Who is the creator of this World.
Empty phenomena roll on all
Subject to causality".
Faith can be very strong and when it becomes strong enough to exclude
reason it becomes bigotry, that is precisely the defect of those world
views that are established entirely on faith, when they cannot
accommodate themselves for reason or adjust themselves for particular
aspect of knowledge on their own level they are bound to become
immoderate.
As you know the myth that has dominated religious thought in the West
for centuries is, that life is a supernatural faculty divinely bestowed
and that man is a special creation. It was always taken for granted,
even after Darwin, that living creatures owed their existence to a
creator, a higher being who fashioned them.
Infused them with vital principle, most people saw no other way in
which at least originally it could have come about, it was the chief
argument for reality of god, he was thought to be necessary on account
of his function as a creator.
Man it was argued might make tables, chairs, yet propelled aircraft
computers', nuclear bombs, televisions, ballistic missiles, etc., etc.,
but he could not make a living being, not even a worm, that was the
thing only God could do therefore God must exist. It was simple as that.
Today human beings can be happy that knowledge they have acquired
provide beyond doubt that life arises as the consequence of certain
natural process with the properties inherent in the cosmos.
To prove it scientists are trying to reproduce the right conditions
by which these process are brought into operation. Let me tell you,
scientists are not creating life, they are mostly bringing about
artificially the situations in which all the factors being present,
living organism inevitably come into being.
They are not created out of nothing. They are the results of nature's
chemistry. They grow and develop in accordance with nature's laws,
tsunami itself is one proof of causality.
Here it may seems there is another loophole for God. If God did not
create life in the sense hitherto believed can it not be said that He
created laws by which life comes into being if God did not who did? This
puts the question right back at its starting point, for if God himself
is a living willing and acting being there must be laws by which He
himself lives, and those laws must have been in existence prior to God.
He could not have created and established the laws of nature before he
existed himself.
If God is stripped off all personality he becomes nothing but natural
law, a mere abstraction. It is only anthropomorphic God, a God in the
likeness of man that can be loved worshipped and endowed with moral
qualities.
Only a god who has personality can have love pity and concern for
human beings. These are mental qualities. In the language of psychology,
they are personality traits. One cannot love the law of gravity or the
force fields of nuclear physics. As H. G. Wells pointed out unless God
is a person he is nothing at all.
If the scientist is able to produce living cells in a test tube it
might be supposed by some people that scientist has become God, there is
in fact growing tendency to look upon the science laboratory as a temple
but to follow out the analogy we must regard the scientist not as God
but as High priest of what? Of natural law.
Can it indeed be said that the universe and the life process had any
beginning or are we constrained to thinking in terms of beginnings only
because of the limitations of our own mind?
A beginning is an event which has to take place at a specific point
of space and time. It cannot occur in a timeless void because the three
conditions of time - past, present, and future which are necessary for
the occurrence of any event cannot obtain in a timeless state.
For any event to take place there must be the time before its
occurrence (past) the time of its occurrence (present) and the time
after its occurrence (future). But time is an altogether relative
concept.
There must be events taking place to enable time to exist and it is
by the regular occurrence of certain events such as rotation of the
earth and seasonal changes that it can be known and measured. The
occurrence of events necessitates the existence of things. By things we
mean objects that occupy space.
Thereby their movements in relation to another mark, not only
divisions in time but also measurable areas in space. Space and time
therefore are a unity; a qualitative whole with quantitative parts or
relationships. We may consider them separately but we cannot make any
statesman concerning the one which do not involve the other.
This is stated broadly in the basis of the theory of relativity. The
knowledge of space and time depends upon consciousness and position
without any fixed point of observation spatial and temporal.
Movement is common to both the observer and the object observed, so
that what can be known is not a thing but merely a relationship.
When this is understood it follows that there could never have been a
beginning or origin out of nothingness of the universe or the life
process.
It is true that the universe as we know evolved out of dispersed
matter of a previous universe, and when it passes away its remains in
the form of active forces, will in time give rise to another universe in
exactly the same way, the process is cyclic and continuous.
The space and time complex is curved and in a curved construction of
inter-relationships there can be no point of origin of departure, so
that in this series of related causes it is useless to look for any
first causes.
And think them to be necessary only because our minds are conditioned
to spatial and temporal relativity; the mind by its very nature, must
operate within the mechanism of which it is itself a part. It can deal
only with relationships.
This is why it is said in Buddhist texts "the origin of phenomena is
not discoverable, beginning of the beings obstructed by ignorance and
ensnared in craving not to be found". The Buddha's teaching was for
those who could practise it here and now. Many are the ways the Buddha
explains the true nature of things.
Miracles were not essential part of His teachings.
He always gave the freedom to the people and explained true nature.
Giving the freedom to the mind to introspect and develop the inner
faculties, and clear all doubts, was His way of teaching.
At the age of Eighty Gauthama Samma Sambuddha was on his way to
Kusinara taking leave of the city of Vaisala.
The unique teacher who taught mankind an incomparable doctrine was
physically weak but full of mindfulness. Slowly walking with His
favourite disciple Ananda. He was observing the pleasant serene
surroundings.
"Citram Jabudivipam Manoramam
Jivitham Manasmanam Manoramam"
"Colourful and rich is India, lovable and charming is the life of
men," from all that he loves man must part, so as the world systems, it
lives the span of life and disappear.
So as the teacher, "Ananda how could it be that what is born, what is
subject to maturity, decay and instability should not pass."
"Ananda I can see from your face you are unhappy. You are wondering
when I am gone there is no master for you.
Ananda remember I am leaving behind the Doctrine. Let that be your
guide and refuge. Follow with earnestness. |